View Full Version : Empire and The Siege of Bombay
celt islam
03-12-2008, 01:57 PM
Empire and The Siege of Bombay
by Shaykh Dr. Abdalqadir as-Sufi
FIRSTLY: LET US TAKE THE LONG VIEW.
The first Empire with world hegemony was the British Empire. The British Empire began when Disraeli persuaded Queen Victoria to claim India as Imperatrix. She was declared Empress in 1877. The Empire lasted precisely 70 years.
It came to an ignominious end under Viceroy Lord Mountbatten, whose wife, daughter of the notorious banker Sir Ernest Cassel, during the partition settlement carried on an adulterous affair with the Hindu leader Nehru. The disastrous and illegal partition cost the lives of millions of Muslims. The populace was never consulted by ballot or referendum. It was 1947.
The second Empire with world hegemony was the American Empire. The American Empire began following the nuclear devastation of Hiroshima and Nagasaki - which ended World War Two. The assumption of power was founded on three events. One: the settlement of the U.N.O. in New York. Two: The establishment of Israel through the instrument of the U.N.O. Three: The Bretton Woods Agreement which defined the dollar-based capitalism which collapsed in 2007 when the Bear Sterns Hedge Fund declared a bankruptcy which heralded the 2008 absolute failure of the B.W. dual power-system of banking and democracy. The Empire lasted only 50 years. It began when the war-time leader General Eisenhower was elected President and took office in 1952. It came to an end when, ignoring Eisenhower’s famous warning of the military-industrial complex, Congress gave authority to the invasion if Iraq. The ‘free-world’ project was over. It was 2002.
SECONDLY: THE MYTH OF AL-QAEDA AND THE REALITIES OF TERROR.
The political construct that posits a secret-cell system of a militant Islam that is in Schmidt-ian terms, ‘The Enemy’ suits lots of people from President to Pope. Of course, with the help of TV media, and the new academic breed of ‘Experts’ – it is convincing to the IPod masses. Intellectually, it does not play.
Firstly – its leadership. Bin Laden is scarcely convincing. As a son of a Saudi billionaire family, as a former C.I.A. operative, as someone who bought his way into Afghan society – he fails to take on the mantle of Islamic leadership.
As head of a secret society which drives adolescent youths to suicide and stays hidden out of danger in the mountains he can be at least recognised as a perfect copy of the Shi’a Ismaili leader who fought Salahud-din, the Old Man of the Mountain with his gang of corrupted youths, the assassins (or Hashishiyin).
As dead, which every tea-house in Peshawar knows, he is very interesting politically. It is the US leadership which ‘needs him’ alive. His second-in-command only talks Marxist anti-US polemics. Never an ayat of Qur’an. Never a Salat-an-Nabei. Never a judgement of Fiqh. In short ignorant of Islam.
Secondly – Its bizarre targets. If the World Trade Centre is a target because it represents world-market capitalism – as such it can be defined as an enemy stronghold, but, but, but! If you destroy it – you strengthen world capitalism, plus the insurance system of capitalism will more than double its value. Strengthen, because, as Ernst Jünger has demonstrated, destruction of capitalist entities by ‘The Enemy’ is necessary for its own survival. Why the Marriot Hotel in Islamabad? Why the Taj Hotel in Bombay? Why trains in London and Madrid? No strategy, if such a militant approach could offer success, could bring Islamic success any closer, no strategy such as the terrorists have elected to perpetrate.
Thirdly - who are they? There is a world-wide elite in the Muslim-world of Ulama’, scholars and social activists. We know each other across schools and movements, rejoicing in the variety and energy of our local approaches. Nobody, neither modernist nor traditionalist, had ever heard of those secretly appointed assassins drawn from the under-class of Arabs and Asians, ending with semi-idiots like the infamous and absurd shoe-bomber!
The realities of terror and their exponents do however point to zones of extreme injustice, oppression and poverty. There is a point when the sons of Adam turn against their degradation. When they strike it is, unsurprisingly, violent.
The four zones of inhuman and unaccounted for savagery and oppression are:
The Uighur nation and the evil Chinese occupation.
Afghanistan and its wars of occupation.
The Indian sub-continent and its endemic persecution of Muslims.
Palestine and its persecution by Israel.
Now the root of disorder in 1 and 4 goes back to the political reality from which they came. The Uighur was a linked province to the Osmanli Dawlet. Palestine was a linked and protected province of that same Osmanli Dawlet. 2 and 3 are the unified provinces of the Mughal Dawlet. The last legal frame of India was dominated by the Mughal centres of a mighty civilisation based in Delhi, Lahore, Shrinigar, Agra and Lucknow.
Since the exploitation of discontent – not to remove the cause but to keep it down- is the known policy of capitalism, deeper questions must be asked. To banish the conspiracy- theory of Al- Qaeda and its assassins we must ask the questions of real-politique.
THIRDLY: WHO STANDS TO GAIN FROM THE CONFLICT?
The Uighur. A ‘colonial’ conflict in East Turkestan and Tibet is an inexpensive but brilliant diversion of foreign attention from the full - scale commercial and cultural invasion by China (the top three hotels of Cape Town no longer sell Indian tea at teatime, but china tea, timers, cups and pots!)
Darfur and Congo are now part of a military take-over with paid surrogate armies.
Palestine. Terrorism assures that the massive subsidy of the U.S. without which the Israeli State cannot survive, continues, a one-party (coalition) state since its inception!
Afghanistan. The last bastion of bankrupt U.S. global policy, it is needed as the southern base on Russian Asia’s network of oil and gas. It is under NATO command to avoid any accusation of torture and killing pointing to the U.S. . NATO forces are above all state laws.
India/Pak/Bangla. The potential awakening of sub-continental wealth, firstly in its brilliant people, secondly in its communities, thirdly in its industries. Bollywood menaces Hollywood! If the U.S. is bankrupt, India is massively rich – when it breaks free of the dying dollar hegemony.
The Bombay incident is a last futile attempt to halt Indian domination of the U.S. and its markets. It also assures that an Indo - Pak conflict - along with a continued matriarchy in Bangladesh - will allow a few years more before the completion of the Mexican take-over of a failed U.S.A.
The constructive Islamic response to the horror of the Bombay siege should be the foundation of a pan-Indian Muslim union- uniting all Muslims of the sub - continent to take an oath of loyalty to fellow Muslims and a vow to refuse to fight fellow Muslims across the three countries.
http://www.shaykhabdalqadir.com/content/articles/Art086_02122008.html
jinnzaman
03-12-2008, 08:20 PM
More conspiracy theory? Why not throw in the freemasons for good measure? And the secret Reptoid race under the crust of the earth? Santa clause?
TruthHood
03-12-2008, 09:20 PM
:salam:
I found the article very interesting to say the least. Good read.
Master of puppets
04-12-2008, 03:00 AM
uniting all Muslims of the sub - continent to take an oath of loyalty to fellow Muslims and a vow to refuse to fight fellow Muslims across the three countries.
This is nothing but absurdist modernist clap trap.
celt islam
04-12-2008, 05:25 PM
This is nothing but absurdist modernist clap trap.
Asalaamualaykum
Actually the quote is " The constructive Islamic response to the horror of the Bombay siege should be the foundation of a pan-Indian Muslim union- uniting all Muslims of the sub - continent to take an oath of loyalty to fellow Muslims and a vow to refuse to fight fellow Muslims across the three countries."
There is nothing modernist never mind being clap trap here sidi!
Actually unity is the key to our success as an ummah, unless you would like it to be in constant fitna something which you have kindly and unfortunatly displayed.
The call to unity is an honourable one and a justified one .
The Professor
04-12-2008, 08:17 PM
This is nothing but absurdist modernist clap trap.
Your comment is nothing but absurd!
Making oaths is a strong sunnah of our beloved Prophet, saw.
And with the ridiculous tribal feuds between the people in that region, which they transport to the UK, an oath would be a wise move. It would be a massive blow to the kafirun who always divide and conquer us.
Master of puppets
04-12-2008, 10:36 PM
HA!
The absurd thing is that he is calling for unity among only the muslims of the sub continent under some sort of national muslim government, rather than calling for khilafa and unity of all muslims across the world.
This is what i meant by modernist.
The Professor
05-12-2008, 11:45 AM
HA!
The absurd thing is that he is calling for unity among only the muslims of the sub continent under some sort of national muslim government, rather than calling for khilafa and unity of all muslims across the world.
This is what i meant by modernist.
You're so far off the mark 'Master of Puppets'.
You have attached a meaning to his words which suits yourself, and is not befitting to what he is saying at all.
There is no mention of national governments whatsoever. Uniting the factions of the indian sub-continent is a good start. The disunity of them is absurd, which the Shaykh is clearly trying to address.
The Shaykh wrote a book called "The Return of the Khalifate", i think this is calling for khilafa don't you?!
Sunni_Student786
05-12-2008, 04:08 PM
More conspiracy theory? Why not throw in the freemasons for good measure? And the secret Reptoid race under the crust of the earth? Santa clause?
Uncalled for.
I would have expected better out of you brother.
laughinglion
06-12-2008, 11:06 PM
HA!
The absurd thing is that he is calling for unity among only the muslims of the sub continent under some sort of national muslim government, rather than calling for khilafa and unity of all muslims across the world.
This is what i meant by modernist.
:salam:
If you were at all conversant with the works of the Shaykh you would understand how misplaced presumptions, such as yours, are.
with peace
jinnzaman
07-12-2008, 07:53 AM
Uncalled for.
I would have expected better out of you brother.
I respect the Shaykh for his immense knowledge of Islam, but occasionally he refers to conspiracy theories in his talks and overstates the influence of freemasons. Its strange for him to accuse al-Qaeda of engaging in Marxist diatribes when he's referencing similar works by Western conspiracy theories on the freemasons.
The Masonic influence doesn't explain how al-Andalus was divided. It doesn't explain colonialism. It doesn't explain how a lot of events happened in history that lead to where we are today.
The Professor
08-12-2008, 10:40 AM
I respect the Shaykh for his immense knowledge of Islam, but occasionally he refers to conspiracy theories in his talks and overstates the influence of freemasons. Its strange for him to accuse al-Qaeda of engaging in Marxist diatribes when he's referencing similar works by Western conspiracy theories on the freemasons.
The Masonic influence doesn't explain how al-Andalus was divided. It doesn't explain colonialism. It doesn't explain how a lot of events happened in history that lead to where we are today.
A Conspiracy theory is a "hypothesis that alleges a coordinated group is, or was, secretly working to commit illegal or wrongful actions".
Surely your not unintelligent enough to recognise that coordinated groups of people work without your knowledge to commit illegal actions. Only a fool would deny this happens every single day of our lives.
With regards to 'freemasons', the Shaykh very rarely in fact refers to freesmasons in his contemporary work. And if he does it is through careful consideration and to the extent only that the situation requires.
Al-Andalus? Colonialism? What have these things have to do with the price of fish anyway?!
Is he saying the masonic influence explains all those events you named? No. So why mention all those things? Don't answer the question, just ask yourself why you wrote it in the first place.
jinnzaman
09-12-2008, 11:12 AM
A Conspiracy theory is a "hypothesis that alleges a coordinated group is, or was, secretly working to commit illegal or wrongful actions".
Surely your not unintelligent enough to recognise that coordinated groups of people work without your knowledge to commit illegal actions. Only a fool would deny this happens every single day of our lives.
With regards to 'freemasons', the Shaykh very rarely in fact refers to freesmasons in his contemporary work. And if he does it is through careful consideration and to the extent only that the situation requires.
Al-Andalus? Colonialism? What have these things have to do with the price of fish anyway?!
Is he saying the masonic influence explains all those events you named? No. So why mention all those things? Don't answer the question, just ask yourself why you wrote it in the first place.
So you're not denying that his views on the Mumbai attacks are, in fact, nothing more than a conspiracy theory? Rather than denying it, you're attempting to justify it.
I have no intention in debating with you or anyone else in the Murabitun, but you have an obsession with quasi-intellectualism which you attempt to pass off as defending the Shari'ah.
If you think your Shaykh is an intellectual, submit his works to peer-review journals and have him subjected to actual criticism rather than going on forums and copy/pasting articles with conspiracy theories with them.
thinker3040
09-12-2008, 02:33 PM
Brother Jinnzaman,
I am understanding your concern and i dont defend that shaykh
But if you visit indopak you will find a lot of ulema who have conspiracy theorys about the zionists and cia engineering everything that happens
so i dont know?
For example if something happens the ulema and some senior ones might say
yahoodion ki chaal hain without any analysis
The Professor
09-12-2008, 02:58 PM
So you're not denying that his views on the Mumbai attacks are, in fact, nothing more than a conspiracy theory? Rather than denying it, you're attempting to justify it.
I have no intention in debating with you or anyone else in the Murabitun, but you have an obsession with quasi-intellectualism which you attempt to pass off as defending the Shari'ah.
If you think your Shaykh is an intellectual, submit his works to peer-review journals and have him subjected to actual criticism rather than going on forums and copy/pasting articles with conspiracy theories with them.
If your not interested in "debating", and don't respect the Shaykh, then why did you read the article and then post on this thread in the first place?
Your motivations are extremely questionable.
Why don't you save your energy for stirring up enmity against the enemies of Islam?
celt islam
09-12-2008, 04:27 PM
So you're not denying that his views on the Mumbai attacks are, in fact, nothing more than a conspiracy theory? Rather than denying it, you're attempting to justify it.
I have no intention in debating with you or anyone else in the Murabitun, but you have an obsession with quasi-intellectualism which you attempt to pass off as defending the Shari'ah.
If you think your Shaykh is an intellectual, submit his works to peer-review journals and have him subjected to actual criticism rather than going on forums and copy/pasting articles with conspiracy theories with them.
Asalaamualaykum and Eid Mubarak.
Could you be so kind to point out such things one deems as Conspiracy Theories please as i think we all deserve your explaination on what you would describe as a Conspiracy theory. Jazakhullah.
Ma salaama Abdullah
Ahmed
09-12-2008, 04:53 PM
muslim weakness strengthens the enemies of islam
they can do nothing if muslims are strong
the onus is on us
not their plans
they can only do what they want if allah allows them..they have no power themselves
weak muslims away from allah..anger allah...hence...
snassirnia
09-12-2008, 06:00 PM
Assalam Alaikum wa rahmat Allah,
Br. Sufi has really interesting points Jazak Allah khair. I see the biggest flow in his methodology, He is too much preoccupied with worldly factor and does not know how to sort out the fight between truth and falshood. As a muslim thinker we can not fall into this trap. SubhannAllah, there are many inteligent thinkers in the camp of Kuffar but none with wisdom. Allah (SWT) has saved that for his plain simple devotees. my brother get your heart tremble with Allah and not worldly events then the wisdom will follow, InshAllah
celt islam
09-12-2008, 06:46 PM
Assalam Alaikum wa rahmat Allah,
Br. Sufi has really interesting points Jazak Allah khair. I see the biggest flow in his methodology, He is too much preoccupied with worldly factor and does not know how to sort out the fight between truth and falshood. As a muslim thinker we can not fall into this trap. SubhannAllah, there are many inteligent thinkers in the camp of Kuffar but none with wisdom. Allah (SWT) has saved that for his plain simple devotees. my brother get your heart tremble with Allah and not worldly events then the wisdom will follow, InshAllah
Asalaamualaykum.
Eid Mubarak.
You said that the shaykh doesnt know how to sort out the fight between truth and falsehood, well you see Shaykh AbdalQadir as Sufi Teaches "La halwa wa la quwwata illa billah.[ There is no power and no strenth except ALLAH ]",
This implies that there are not two forces in the universe. There is only Allah. It is typical psudo- sufic -esoteric theology to say that the world is divided into two forces fighting each other; the good verses the evil or the darkness versus the light or the truth versus the false. It is a dualist statement to say that "Haqq [Truth ] is fighting Batil [ false ]" . Batil, "falsity", cannot stand against Haqq [truth], because there are no two powers except in the imagination of the mushrikun [ idol worshpers ].
I personally wouldent say that the Shaykh is "preoccupied with worldly factor " not at all , what i can say is that the Shaykh sets a Mizan between the outward and the inward.
One cannot deny what is going on in the world today plus it is also a duty on muslims to establish the deen which implies that we do not shut ourselves away and ignore the world and its happenings.
abuhajira
09-12-2008, 06:59 PM
:salam: sidi celt..
Eid mubarak...
carry on with the posts.. I just wished to point out a couple of things.. I am about to embark on a journey so inshAllah I will not be posting much..
1. Haqq and Baatil are Mutadaad. The famous ayah "Wa Jaa' al Haq Wa Zahaqal Batil" sets in motion a certain tussle between the two. Tafseer Tabari mentions the ta'weel being that of Quran Vs Shaitan.. etc Ofcourse as you say that the real truth is only power of Allah.. the rest is sham.. yet we struggle in between these two Nafs Ammara and Lawama .. Piety and Fisq.. Haqq and Batil.. It is not esoteric sufism to tackle these rather a intrisic requirement to engage against the nafs and over power with the truth.
2. Mizaan means a scale.. I thin you meant a balance..
:ws:
celt islam
09-12-2008, 07:43 PM
:salam: sidi celt..
Eid mubarak...
carry on with the posts.. I just wished to point out a couple of things.. I am about to embark on a journey so inshAllah I will not be posting much..
1. Haqq and Baatil are Mutadaad. The famous ayah "Wa Jaa' al Haq Wa Zahaqal Batil" sets in motion a certain tussle between the two. Tafseer Tabari mentions the ta'weel being that of Quran Vs Shaitan.. etc Ofcourse as you say that the real truth is only power of Allah.. the rest is sham.. yet we struggle in between these two Nafs Ammara and Lawama .. Piety and Fisq.. Haqq and Batil.. It is not esoteric sufism to tackle these rather a intrisic requirement to engage against the nafs and over power with the truth.
2. Mizaan means a scale.. I thin you meant a balance..
:ws:
Wa alaykumsalaam and Eid mubarak
The struggles are one thing but batil cannot ever stand against Haq, as Haq is ALLAH and nothing can stand against ALLAH, that was my point.
Mizan is an interesting word which means Balance and scale espeically in sufiq texts, plus it is a scale that sets a balance so i supposed these have some same connection maybe in the roots.
Shaykh AbdalQadir as Sufi says on Mizan.
Al Mizan " Its Meaning is the justice and harmony of all creation and therefore of time/space and therefore of us and events.
It is the meaning of the garden and the fire, of the balance between the matrices , it is what was called in anceint Tao-form of Islam in China, Yin Yang. It is what we are born and die on, and which turns are acts and intentions into realities to be weighed on the day of balance. { Qur'anic tawhid , Diwan press 1980}
The Professor
09-12-2008, 08:46 PM
Aisha Bewley, who is perhaps the most prolific translator of Arabic texts into English there has ever been, has in her book "Glossary of Islamic Terms" the following:
Mizaan: BALANCE, SCALE- symbol of harmony in creation and also the scales of the Final Reckoning.
Thus she has both words, balance AND scale.
abuhajira
09-12-2008, 09:01 PM
Wa alaykumsalaam and Eid mubarak
The struggles are one thing but batil cannot ever stand against Haq, as Haq is ALLAH and nothing can stand against ALLAH, that was my point.
Mizan is an interesting word which means Balance and scale espeically in sufiq texts, plus it is a scale that sets a balance so i supposed these have some same connection maybe in the roots.
Shaykh AbdalQadir as Sufi says on Mizan.
Al Mizan " Its Meaning is the justice and harmony of all creation and therefore of time/space and therefore of us and events.
It is the meaning of the garden and the fire, of the balance between the matrices , it is what was called in anceint Tao-form of Islam in China, Yin Yang. It is what we are born and die on, and which turns are acts and intentions into realities to be weighed on the day of balance. { Qur'anic tawhid , Diwan press 1980}
:salam:
strange sidi..
struggle is between makhasim. I do not think ANY ONE here suggested that evil or baatil has any chance of overpowering haqq.. or did i miss something..
The poster used the word fight.. and we are using struggle. both are same.. however if you will take this terminology sooo seriously as to discredit the poster (perhaps simply because he does not agree with your sheikh).. then I think that is a taad bit unfair..
You are right.. mizaan has a possibility of being used for balance.. but a better word for use is tawazun or ta'adal. as for the ying yang.. it does not necessarily refers to a balance between the opposite.. rather a symbiotic equilibrium between two opposite forces that will complement each other towards furthering oneself to an acceptable goal. That mean if ying yang were to be applied between deen and duniya.. then an equally complementing aspect of both be taken to achieve akhira..
is that what you mean...
:ws:
The Professor
09-12-2008, 09:49 PM
That Qur'anic Tawhid book is an incredible book, and very rare too.
IbnShafiq
09-12-2008, 10:01 PM
:salam:
The problems many people have with the shaykh are his own fault. Many statements he's made have caused people to question him, and react negatively to him.
Nice save on your quick edit :)
laughinglion
09-12-2008, 10:05 PM
That Qur'anic Tawhid book is an incredible book, and very rare too.
:salam:
There are some recent re-prints available.
with peace
The Professor
09-12-2008, 10:18 PM
:salam:
The problems many people have with the shaykh are his own fault. Many statements he's made have caused people to question him, and react negatively to him.
Nice save on your quick edited :)
Thanks.
One cannot say the truth, as people simply cannot bear to imagine they have faults which one might expose. Thus one has to water down ones words in order to avoid confrontation.
Ahmed
09-12-2008, 10:40 PM
Allah (SWT) has saved that for his plain simple devotees. my brother get your heart tremble with Allah and not worldly events then the wisdom will follow, InshAllah
subhanallah
IbnShafiq
09-12-2008, 11:03 PM
:salam: Professor,
I think you might have to change your avatar.
http://www.sunniforum.com/forum/showthread.php?p=200999#post200999
Rule: 2.19
The Professor
09-12-2008, 11:19 PM
:salam: Professor,
I think you might have to change your avatar.
http://www.sunniforum.com/forum/showthread.php?p=200999#post200999
Rule: 2.19
Wow you know the rules well!
IbnShafiq
09-12-2008, 11:22 PM
Wow you know the rules well!
:salam:
This one is commonly broken by people new to the forum.:D Welcome to SF:cheesygri
The Professor
09-12-2008, 11:29 PM
What do you think? Pretty eh?!
IbnShafiq
09-12-2008, 11:30 PM
What do you think? Pretty eh?!
:salam:
Yes akhi, its beautiful.
snassirnia
10-12-2008, 04:08 PM
[
This implies that there are not two forces in the universe. There is only Allah. It is typical psudo- sufic -esoteric theology to say that the world is divided into two forces fighting each other; the good verses the evil or the darkness versus the light or the truth versus the false. It is a dualist statement to say that "Haqq [Truth ] is fighting Batil [ false ]" . Batil, "falsity", cannot stand against Haqq [truth], because there are no two powers except in the imagination of the mushrikun [ idol worshpers ].
Wa Alaikum Assalam WA rahmat Allah,
Eid Mubarak
If I Knew sheikh is a stablished sufi I would not have run my mouth , May Allah fogive me.
I like to share a word with you my brother assuming you are like me a seeker of truth a student inshAllah,
on the devine level and in the heart of some lovers of Allah this duality does not exist. (those lovers are very very rare) . so that idea should not be presented as an ideaology. I remember old times some sufis beliving in non existance of duality, used to disobey limits set by shariah. For example, they would stare to a handsome boy or beautiful women with no guilt etc .
On the earthly level Allah SWT has designed the growth of truth in personal and social level ...with the fight with batil(falshood). (quran: if you do not fight eveil it will take over all earth).
This fight against batil is done in the every aspect of islamic body and in many forms. Only Prophet SAS was able to cordinate all diferent fights perfectly . No one else is or will be able to do so. That is why there is such a difference in opinion of ibad of ALlah. Some of this difference is unavoidable.
The purpose of me running my mouth again is torequest; please lets be humble toward brothers who are fighting truth in other part of islami's body. For example if you are doing a good job worshipping MashAllah that is the greatest fight; , then do not degrade brothers who are doing this fight with Dawah. or offering their life to protect their family, country etc from kufr, modernity, etc. It's Allah SWT way of safeguarding his religion. May Allah take us one of his servnts too Aameen
The Professor
10-12-2008, 04:39 PM
Lets it get it right!
We are not like the christians that say Evil is not a creation of Allah.
Evil is a creation of Allah, as evidenced in Quran "From the evil of what He has created".
Thus the only power is Allah.
shajar
18-12-2008, 06:43 PM
http://www.nawaiwaqt.com.pk/urdu/daily/dec-2008/18/index1.php#25
nathan chitty
22-12-2008, 05:30 PM
I am reading an interesting book "Empires of Trust"
I believe the first Empire with world hegemony would be the ancient Romans.
re: FIRSTLY: LET US TAKE THE LONG VIEW.
The first Empire with world hegemony was the British Empire. The British Empire began when Disraeli persuaded Queen Victoria to claim India as Imperatrix. She was declared Empress in 1877. The Empire lasted precisely 70 years.
Abdassamad Clarke
02-01-2009, 06:21 AM
I am reading an interesting book "Empires of Trust"
I believe the first Empire with world hegemony would be the ancient Romans.
re: FIRSTLY: LET US TAKE THE LONG VIEW.
The first Empire with world hegemony was the British Empire. The British Empire began when Disraeli persuaded Queen Victoria to claim India as Imperatrix. She was declared Empress in 1877. The Empire lasted precisely 70 years.
The Romans stretched from the Middle East to the North of England. Hardly fits the definition of 'world hegemony'.
Abdassamad
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