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Thread: ILM AL-GHAYB - Knowledge of the Unseen

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    Senior Member faqir's Avatar
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    Default ILM AL-GHAYB - Knowledge of the Unseen

    Extracted from The Reliance of the Traveller


    w60.0 KNOWLEDGE OF THE UNSEEN


    w60.1 (Ibn Hajar Haytami:)


    (Question) "Is someone who says, 'A believer knows the unseen (al-ghayb),' thereby considered an unbeliever, because of Allah Most High having said:

    "No one in the heavens or earth knows the unseen except Allah' (Koran 27:65),

    "and,

    "'[He is] the Knower of the Unseen, and discloses not His unseen to anyone...' (Koran 72:26),

    "or is such a person asked to further explain himself, in view of the possibility of knowing some details of the unseen?"




    (Answer:) "He is not unconditionally considered an unbeliever, because of the possibility of otherwise construing his words, for it is obligatory to ask whomever says something interpretable as either being or not being unbelief for further clarification, as has been stated [n: in Nawawi's al-Rawda and elsewhere]....

    "If asked to explain and such a person answers: 'By saying, "A believer knows the unseen," I meant that Allah could impart certain details of the unseen to some of the friends of Allah (awliya')'--this is accepted from him, since it is something logically possible and its occurrence has been documented, it being among the countless miracles [karamat] that have taken place over the ages.

    The possibility of such knowledge is amply attested to by what the Koran informs us about Khidr (Allah bless him and give him peace), and the account related of Abu Bakr Siddiq (Allah Most High be well pleased with him) that he told of his wife being pregnant with a boy, and thus it proved; or of 'Umar (Allah Most High be well pleased with him), who miraculously perceived [n: the Muslim commander] Sariya and his army who were in Persia, and while on the pulpit in Medina giving the Friday sermon, he said, 'O Sariya, the mountain!' warning them of the enemy ambush intending to exterminate the Muslims. [Abu Bakr ibn al-`Arabi said of this incident: "It constitutes a tremendous rank and an evident gift from Allah, and it is present in all of the righteous incessantly until the Day of Resurrection." (Ibn al-`Arabi, Tuhfat al-ahwadhi 13:150.)]

    Or the rigorously authenticated (sahih) hadith that the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) said of 'Umar (Allah Most High be well pleased with him),

    " 'He is of those who are spoken to [i.e. preternaturally inspired].'

    "....What we have mentioned about the above Koranic verse [N: on the unseen] has been explicitly stated by Nawawi in his Fatawa, where he says: 'It means that no one except Allah knows this independently and with full cognizance of all things knowable. As for [n: knowledge imparted through ] inimitable prophetic miracles (mu'jizat) and divine favors (karamat) it is through Allah's giving them to know it that it is known; as is also the case with what is known through ordinary means' "


    (al-Fatawa al-hadithiyya, 311-13).




    w60.2 (Muhammad Hamid:)

    Allah Most Glorious is the All-knower of things unseen and their inmost secrets, with primal, intrinsic, supernatural knowledge whose basis no one else has a share in. If any besides Him has awareness or knowledge, it is through their being made aware or given knowledge by Him Magnificent and Exalted. They are unable -- being servants without capacity -- to transcend their sphere or go beyond their limit to draw aside the veils from things unseen, and if not for His pouring something of the knowledge of these things upon their hearts, they would know nothing of it, little or much. Yet this knowledge is disparate in degree, and some of it higher than other of it and more certainly established.

    The divine inspiration of it to prophet messengers is beyond doubt and above question, like the rising sun in its certitude and clarity, of which the Koran says,

    "[He is] the Knower of the Unseen, and discloses not His unseen to anyone, save a messenger He approves: for him He places protectors before and behind" (Koran 72:26-27),

    protectors meaning guards from among the angels, so that nothing of it is leaked to devils when it is being delivered to the Messenger (Allah bless him and give him peace), to safeguard its inimitability and it remain a unique prophetic sign (mu'jiza).

    The miraculous perceptions (kashf) of the friends of Allah

    (awliya') are a truth we do not deny, for Bukhari relates in his Sahih from Abu Hurayra (Allah Most High be well pleased with him) that the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) said:

    "In the nations before you were people who were spoken to [i.e. inspired] though they were not prophets. If there is anyone in my Community, it is `Umar ibn Khattab."
    and Muslim relates in his Sahih from `A'isha (Allah Most High be well pleased with her) that the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) said:

    "There used to be in the nations before you those who were spoken to. If there are any in my Community, `Umar ibn Khattab is one of them."

    But this intuition (ilham) does not equal the divine inspiration (wahy) of the prophets in strength (n: of certainty), because of the possibility that what is apprehended by the friend of Allah (wali) is merely the thoughts of his own mind. As it is sometimes admixed, and other things are mistaken for it, the possibility of error exists in it, and it cannot be a basis for establishing legal rulings or a criterion for works.

    As for what astrologers and fortune-tellers say, there is no way it can be accepted, for sooth-saying was annulled when the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) was sent and the heavens were safeguarded by stars, after which heavens were safeguarded by stars, after which devils no longer had access to the heavens as they had had before, to eavesdrop on what angels were saying about the events on earth that Allah Most Glorious informed the angels of before they happened (n: Koran 15:17-18 and 72:8-10). The Holy Koran is explicit that "they [the devils] are prevented from hearing" (Koran 26:212), and in a hadith,

    "Whoever goes to a 'psychic' ('arraf) or fortune-teller and believes what he says has disbelieved in what has been revealed to Muhammad [Allah bless him and give him peace]."

    The things that such people inform of that actually come to pass belong to the category of coincidence, which is not given the slightest value in Islam. All of which is on the topic of the unseen generally. As for the Final Hour, Allah Most High has veiled the knowledge of the time it will occur from all creatures entirely, and no one, archangel or prophetic messenger, knows when it will be, the Koranic verses and hadiths being intersubstantiative and in full agreement on this. Were I to list them it would be a lengthy matter, and what I have mentioned is adequate and sufficient for whomever the divine assistance reaches


    (Rudud 'ala abatil wa rasa'il al-Shaykh Muhammad al-Hamid, 2.61-63).
    Last edited by faqir; 24-04-2007 at 11:51 AM.
    Imam al-Zarqani said in his book Manahil al-Irfan: 'Our Scholars agreed that if a word carries 99 aspects of disbelief and one aspect of faith, it must be interpreted according to the best of meanings, which is faith'.

    Visit www.asharis.wordpress.com and the Marifah website


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    Who is Shaykh Muhammad Al-Hamid?


  4. "How To Begin Reading And Understanding An Arabic Book in 21 Days"

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    Sh. Nuh has written a biography of him under section x256.

    If you do not have the Reliance then perhaps myself or someone else will type it up for you, time permitting, inshaAllah.
    Last edited by faqir; 27-07-2006 at 11:13 PM.
    Imam al-Zarqani said in his book Manahil al-Irfan: 'Our Scholars agreed that if a word carries 99 aspects of disbelief and one aspect of faith, it must be interpreted according to the best of meanings, which is faith'.

    Visit www.asharis.wordpress.com and the Marifah website


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    Senior Member Goldi's Avatar
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    Quote Originally Posted by faqir


    Sh. Nuh has written a biography of him under section x256.

    If you do not have the Reliance then perhaps myself or someone else will type it up for you, time permitting, inshaAllah.
    I love you.
    'Rebelliousness is an over-praised virtue, it is important to say something and not just threaten to say something, and there are better things to do with even a defective inheritance than trash it. - Clifford Geertz.


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    I think its about time I bought this book.


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    Senior Member faqir's Avatar
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    شرح حديث : أوتيت مفاتيح كل شيء إلا الخمس


    للعلامة المحدث السيد عبدالله الغماري

    رحمه الله تعالى



    (37)- عن ابن عمر رضي الله عنهما عن النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم قال : (( أوتيت مفاتيح كل شيء الا الخمس إن الله عنده علم الساعة , الآية )) رواه احمد والطبراني بإسناد صحيح وفي الصحيحين عن حذيفة قال : قام فينا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم مقاما ما ترك فيه شيئا إلى قيام الساعة إلا ذكره , حفظه من حفظه ونسيه من نسيه وإنه ليكون منه الشيء قد كنت نسيته فأراه فاذكره كما يذكر الرجل وجه الرجل اذا غاب عنه ثم اذا رآه عرفه.

    (37)- قوله (( أوتيت مفاتيح كل شيء )) أي من العلوم والمعارف وسائر المغيبات. قال القاضي عياض في الشفا في فصل ما اطلع عليه من الغيوب وما يكون ما نصه: والأحاديث في هذا الباب بحر لا يدرك قعره, ولا ينزف غمره, وهذه المعجزة من جملة معجزاته المعلومة على القطع الواصل إلينا خبرها على التواتر لكثرة رواتها واتفاق معانيها على الاطلاع على الغيب اهـ. ثم أورد جملة منها فليراجع. واخرج الطبراني عن ابن عمر قال : قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم : (( ان الله قد رفع لي الدنيا فانا انظر إليها وإلى ما هو كائن فيها الى يوم القيامة كانما أنظر إلى كفي هذه )). وقد أخبر صلى الله عليه وسلم بكثير من أحوال هذا العصر ومخترعاته , وسنطبع رسالة لطيفة في هذا الموضوع بحول الله تعالى.
    قوله : (( الا الخمس , إن الله عنده علم الساعة )) الآية , وفي صحيح البخاري عن ابن عمر مرفوعا (( مفاتيح الغيب خمس لا يعلمها إلا الله : لا يعلم أحد ما يكون في غد إلا الله , ولا يعلم أحد ما يكون في الأرحام الا الله , ولا يعلم متى تقوم الساعة الا الله , ولا تدري نفس بأي أرض تموت إلا الله , ولا يدري أحد متى يجيء المطر إلا الله )) ومقتضى هذا أنه لم يكن صلى الله عليه وسلم يعلك الخمس , وإليه ذهب الجمهور , لكن قال الحافظ السيوطي في الخصائص الكبرى : ذهب بعضهم الى أنه صلى الله عليه وسلم أوتي علم الخمس أيضا وعلم وقت الساعة والروح وأنه أمر بكتم ذلك. اهـ وبه جزم كثير من المتأخرين . وللإمام منصور البغدادي في هذا الموضوع كتاب اسمه (( إقامة شواهد المنقول والمعقول على إحاطة علم نبينا صلى الله عليه وسلم )) , وسأل الشيخ أبو العباس أحمد بن عبد الحي الحلبي العلامة المحدث عبد الملك بن محمد التجموعتي قاضي سجلماسة عن هذه المسألة فأجابه برسالة خاصة سماها (( ملاك الطلب وجواب أستاذ حلب )) جزم فيها بأنه صلى الله عليه وسلم كان يعلم الخمس. وللشيخ أحمد رضا علي خان البريلوي الهندي في هذا الموضوع ثلاث رسائل : ( ملء الجيب بعلوم الغيب ) و ( اللؤلؤ المكنون في علم البشير ما كان وما يكون ) و ( إنباء المصطفى بما أسر وأخفى ) , وقال العلامة أبو عبد الله محمد الحبيب بن عبد القادر السجلماسي الحسني في شرح منظومة الأسماء الحسنى للهلالي: يجب علينا أن نعتقد أنه صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه لم يخرج من الدنيا حتى حصل له العلم بجميع المعلومات للحديث الصحيح: أوتيت علم كل شيء وتجلى لي كل شيء , وما ورد مما يخالفه منسوخ بهذا , وبه تظهر مزيته وفضيلته العلمية على سائر الأنبياء في اشتراكهم في علم الغيب المستثنى لهم في آية : (( فلا يظهر على غيبه أحدا إلا من ارتضى من رسول )) وقال فيها بعض المفسرين : يريد أو ولي ففيه حذف لأن الولي وارث لعلم النبوة. اهـ , وفي شرح انموذج اللبيب للعلامة شمس الدين محمد بن محمد بن عمر الروضي المالكي ما نصه : الصحيح كما قاله المحققون أنه أوتي علم كل شيء حتى الخمسة وحتى علم الروح وأمر بكتم ذلك اهـ , ونحوه في شرح جوهرة اللقاني لمؤلفها وشرح الأربعين النووية للشبرخيتي وغيرهما , وفي فيض القدير بشرح الجامع الصغير للمناوي في الكلام على حديث خمس لا يعلمهن الا الله .. الـخ ما نصه : خمس لا يعلمهن الا الله على وجه الاحاطة والشمول كليا , وجزئيا فلا ينافيه إطلاع الله بعض خواصه على كثير من المغيبات حتى من هذه الخمس لأنها جزئيات معدودة وان كان للمعتزلة في ذلك مكابرة اهـ. قلت : والذي أرجحه وأميل إليه أنه صلى الله عليه وسلم لم يعرج من الدنيا حتى علمه الله هذه الخمس لأنه لم يزل يترقى في العلوم والمعارف كل يوم بل كل لحظة وعموم الأحاديث يشهد لذلك منها حديث البخاري عن أسماء بنت أبي بكر أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم حمد الله وأثنى عليه ثم قال : مامن شيء لم أكن أريته قبل إلا رأيته في مقامي هذا حتى الجنة والنار)) وهذه الخطبة كانت بالمدينة , ومنها حديث سمرة قال : كسفت الشمس فصلى النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ثم قال : (( إني والله لقد رأيت منذ قمت أصلي ما أنتم لاقوه من أمر دنياكم وآخرتكم )) حديث صحيح رواه أحمد وغيره. ولا ينافيه قوله في حديث الترجمة إلا الخمس , لأنه كان قبل أن يعلمها ثم علمها بعد ذلك وهذا كما نهى عن تفضيله على موسى ويونس وابراهيم عليهم السلام ثم أخبر أنه أفضل الأنبياء ورد على من دعاه سيدا بأن السيد الله , ثم أخبر انه سيد ولد آدم وأمره الله تعالى في القرآن أن يقول للكفار (( ما كان لي من علم بالملأ الأعلى إذ يختصمون )) ثم أخبر بعد ذلك أن الله أطلعه على خصامهم, ففي حديث ابن عباس ومعاذ وغيرهما عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال : (( رأيت ربي في أحسن صورة فقال يا محمد , قلت : لبيك رب وسعديك , قال : أتدري فيم يختصم الملأ الأعلى ؟؟ قلت: لا أدري يا رب , قال: فوضع يده بين كتفي حتى وجدت بردها في صدري فتجلى لي كل شيء وعرفت )) وذكر الحديث وهو في سنن الترمذي ومسند أحمد وغيرهما بطرق متعددة وهو حديث صحيح وقد تكلمت عليه في (( قمع الأشرار عن جريمة الانتحار )) المطبوع مع (( الأربعين الغمارية )) وشرحه الحافظ ابن رجب في جزء مطبوع اسمه ( اختيار الأولى في شرح حديث اختصام الملأ الأعلى ) وهذ الحديث أحد الأدلة على علمه بالخمس أيضا , لأن قوله : فتجلى لي كل شيء عام, بل هو أقوى صيغ العموم كما تقرر في الأصول.
    قوله في حديث حذيفة قام فينا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم مقاما ما ترك شيئا الى قيام الساعة يعني من الفتن والحوادث وغيرها الا ذكره الحديث, نحوه قول عمر ( قام فينا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم مقاما فأخبرنا عن بدء الخلق حتى نسيته ) رواه البخاري معلقا بصيغة الجزم ووصله الطبراني, وقال أبو ذر: لقد تركنا رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وما يحرك طائر جناحيه في السماء إلا ذكرنا منه علما, رواه أحمد والطبراني بإسناد صحيح , وكذا قال أبو الدرداء رواه أبو يعلى والطبراني وغيرهما , والله أعلم.

    انتهى من كتاب (( الأحاديث المنتقاة )) ص 117 –
    122
    Last edited by faqir; 24-04-2007 at 11:54 AM.
    Imam al-Zarqani said in his book Manahil al-Irfan: 'Our Scholars agreed that if a word carries 99 aspects of disbelief and one aspect of faith, it must be interpreted according to the best of meanings, which is faith'.

    Visit www.asharis.wordpress.com and the Marifah website


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    Senior Member mujahid7ia's Avatar
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    What exactly is in the Reliance? Is it useful for someone who is not Shafi'i like myself?


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    Senior Member salman's Avatar
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    Quote Originally Posted by mujahid7ia View Post
    What exactly is in the Reliance? Is it useful for someone who is not Shafi'i like myself?
    http://askimam.org/fatwa/fatwa.php?a...e026954c23e92f
    May My Soul be sacrificed for your soul, my beloved, my master Muhammad - peace and blessing upon you- !

    روحي لروحك الفداء يا حبيبي يا سيدي محمد


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    I am Hanafi, but live in a Shafi community.

    I purchased the relliance 4 months ago and it has been one of the greatest experiences for me, reading and learning from it EVERYDAY.

    I also study Shafi Fiqh in our Musaajid every Wednesday evening, after the class i always go back and find even more detail in the Relliance to that which we are studying, this gives me an added benefit over my peers who have not purchased this Book.

    I strongly recommend it.

    Getting back to the Title of the post.

    How will one know if Allah has really given a certain person Ilmul Ghayb, do we just take his word?


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