The 4th Source of Islam : Qiyas

[Burak]

Assalamu aleykum,

Could anyone please give me a detailled answer on what Qiyas is, and how it is the implemented in the sharia'h?

[ozgurislam]

As salamu aleykum,

In short;

In Sunni Islamic jurisprudence, qiyas (Arabic قياس) is the process of analogical reasoning from a known injunction (nass) to a new injunction. According to this method, the ruling of the Quran and sunnah may be extended to a new problem provided that the precedent (asl) and the new problem (far) share the same operative or effective cause (illah). The illah is the specific set of circumstances that trigger a certain law into action.

Example of qiyas;
For example, qiyas is applied to the injunction against drinking wine to create an injunction against cocaine use.


-Identification of a clear, known thing or action that might bear a resemblance to the modern situation, such as the wine drinking.

-Identification of the ruling on the known thing. Wine drinking is haraam, prohibited.

-Identification of the reason behind the known ruling ('illah). For example, wine drinking is haram because it intoxicates. Intoxication is bad because it removes Muslims from mindfulness of God. This reason behind the reason is termed hikmah.

-The reason behind the known ruling is applied to the unknown thing. For instance cocaine use intoxicates the user, removing the user from mindfulness of God. It is therefore prohibited.


Was salaam