Allama Qurtubi, the Quran commentator, offers a detailed definition of Shirk in his Tafsir, al-Jami’ li Ahkam al-Qur’an, which Pir Muhammad Karam Shah al-Azhari (ra) has cited in Zia al-Quran (p. 351-2, vol I).
He writes that there are three different stages or forms of Shirk, and all three and forbidden (Haram).
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(ii) To consider another being other than Allah can perform and create certain actions independently (without Allah),
even if the person does not believe that that person/being is a God.
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