Rafa Nasab Jarr and a bit of questions

[Incognito1]

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[Sunni_Student786]

As salaamu alaykum brother.

I hope that someone will step up to answer your questions. If not, please give me a few days, as I am working on some end of semester papers at the moment, and I will then assist you (insha'allah).

I just wanted to write this post so that you didn't think that your post hasn't been read or that people do not care to answer.

Wa'salaam.

[Seekeress@0]

Salam,
I am having my exams in June inshAllah, I have some queries rather confusions. I study part time, could you please help me answer a few things?

1. I know about Rafa, Nasab,Jarr (and Jazm in case of Fail).
I also know the Aeraab they get and how it is pronounced.
But could anyone tell me what exactly is this? Why does a Kalima undergo changes?
Why does a Fa'ail is Marfoh where as Maf'ul becomes Mansoob? Why does it undergo declination? What is the significance?

2. Could anyone tell me how to extract Zameer from any word? Why is there "hua zameer" when I cannot see it? I know its Mustatir but how to know what to extract when?

3. There are Zameer that are Marfoh, Mansoob, Majroor. Could anyone tell me the difference? When to use Hua, Huma, Hum? When to use Laha,Lahuma,Lahum? What is the difference as far as translation goes?

4. When reading Ibarat, I also get confused with Muzaaf and Muzaaf ilahe and Masoof Sifat? Can anyone tell me a trick to recognize?


jazakAllah

Assalamu Alaikum wa rahmatULLAHI wa barakatuHU wa maghfiratuHU brother,
May Allah Ta'ala Reward you immensely for your keenness in seeking religious knowledge and May He (Subhanahu wa Ta'ala) Give you success in both the worlds, this and the next. Aameen thumma Aameen.

According to my meager knowledge, the answers to your questions are as follows:-
1) There are certain things in Arabic grammar which need to be taken as given standards. There is no particular reason for them being in a certain grammatical state. This applies to the faail being marfoo' and the mafool being mansoob. Having said this, one should not forget that not all mafaaeel( plural of maf'ool) are mansoob. Mafool maa lam usamma faailuhu or simply, the naaib faail is marfoo'. And yes, a kalima/word undergoes changes in its ayraab because of its position and purport in certain kalaam/sentence. Say for example, if I were to say, "Zaid ate an apple" in Arabic, then I would say " Akala zaidun tuffaaha". Let us imagine this sentence as written without the ayraab. Now we know that the faail always gets a rafa' from the above-mentioned rule, and we know from mushaahida that only animate beings such as the humans and the animals exhibit the action of eating, we will conveniently give rafa' to zaid and nasab to tuffaah.

2) For this, you need to have a really good grasp over your girdaans. You could try doing this: make two columns on a piece of paper; write the fail-e-maazi'a girdaan on one column as given in the Sarf book, then in the second column, write down the dhameer corresponding to each seegha you wrote in the first column. Memorize this chart. And InshaAllah you wont forget what dhameer to extract from a certain seegha. By the way, sometimes there are clear indicators in a seegha with which the hidden dhameer can be easily figured out. Seeghas of haazir/mukhaatab, for example have taas in them which correspond to the dhamair having kaaf in them.

3) Know that Marfoo and Mansoob dhamair will either be muttassil ( attached ) or munfasil ( detached ). A marfoo dhameer ( irrespective of whether it is muttassil or munfasil ) will always hint at the faa'il, and the mansoob dhameer (attached or detached) will denote the mafool. Again you should remember their girdaans really well. Paani ki tarah azbar honi chahiyyen. As far as majroor dhamair are concerned, they are always attached but they are divided into majroor ba harf-e-jar and majroor ba-idhaafat, depending on the word attached to them. If they have been made majroor by a mudhaaf, they would form a mudhaaf-mudhaaf ilayh phrase; if they have been made majroor by a harf-e-jar, they would form a jaar-majroor phrase. Difference in translation between hua and lahu is: hua means he ( if it is marfoo" ) and him ( if it is mansoob ), and lahu means "for him", and so on and so forth.

4) Mudhaaf mudhaaf ilayhi will always have a "kaa" between them . Ghulamu zaidin will be translated as "Zaid kaa ghulam". Reverse the positions of the words given in Arabic while translating and put a "kaa" between them. Example of more than one mudhaaf ilayh is " husnu islaamil-mari". Its translation would be " Aadmi kay islaam ki khoobi ". The last word comes first in the translation. Mawsoof sifat both will have the same ayraab and they will follow each other in every way, be it in terms of tadhkeer ( masculinity ), taaneeth ( femininity ), tankeer, taareef, singularity, duality, plurality etc. But there will be times when you will come across two words with similar everything, turning out to be mubtada khabar. In some cases like this, you will notice a dhameer between them, which is actually known as "fasal" and not really a dhameer. Having said this, you will easily tell the mawsoof sifat apart from the mubtada khabar if you try translating them. Mawsoof sifat will never make a complete sentence while mubtada khabar will.

All of this needs continued practice and thorough revision/takraar. May Allah Ta'ala Put Immense Barakah in your Time, Memory and Sehhah. Aameen thumma Aameen.

And Allah Ta'ala Knows Best.
I hope this aajizana attempt answers your questions.

JazakumULLAH khair
Wassalam ma'al-ikram

[Seekeress@0]

Assalamu Alaikum wa rahmatULLAHI wa barakatuHU wa maghfiratuHU,

I want to add something :
Lahu also means "his".
Laha means "hers".
Lahum means "theirs"
And so on and so forth.

Remember me in your duas.

JazakumULLAH khair,
Wassalam ma'al-ikram