Sentence Structure of the Quran

[mfhaq77]

With the help of Corpus Linguistics, it is now easy to analyze the structures of Quran. To do this I took help from Quranic Arabic Corpus Morphology Data 0.4 published by corpus.quran.com. In my analysis of the data in Excel 2007, Technical Help was given by Ashish Mathur, MVP from India.

1. Verb + Preposition

For understanding meaning clearly, it is sometimes essential to know Quranic verb-preposition combination. By this you know which preposition goes with which ver. Look at these examples
LOCATION FORM TAG FEATURES
(2:4:4:1) >unzila V STEM|POS:V|PERF|PASS|(IV)|LEM:>anzala|ROOT:nzl|3MS
(2:4:5:1) <ilayo P STEM|POS:P|LEM:<ilaY`
(2:4:7:1) >unzila V STEM|POS:V|PERF|PASS|(IV)|LEM:>anzala|ROOT:nzl|3MS
(2:4:8:1) min P STEM|POS:P|LEM:min
وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِمَا أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَمَا أُنزِلَ مِن قَبْلِكَ وَبِالْآخِرَةِ هُمْ يُوقِنُونَ

(2:11:2:1) qiyla V STEM|POS:V|PERF|PASS|LEM:qaAla|ROOT:qwl|3MS
(2:11:3:1) la P PREFIX|l:P+
(2:13:2:1) qiyla V STEM|POS:V|PERF|PASS|LEM:qaAla|ROOT:qwl|3MS
(2:13:3:1) la P PREFIX|l:P+
وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمْ لَا تُفْسِدُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ قَالُوا إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ مُصْلِحُونَ

(2:15:2:1) yasotahozi}u V STEM|POS:V|IMPF|(X)|LEM:{sotuhozi}a|ROOT:hzA|3MS
(2:15:3:1) bi P PREFIX|bi+
اللَّهُ يَسْتَهْزِئُ بِهِمْ وَيَمُدُّهُمْ فِي طُغْيَانِهِمْ يَعْمَهُونَ

(2:20:17:2) *ahaba V STEM|POS:V|PERF|LEM:*ahaba|ROOT:*hb|3MS
(2:20:18:1) bi P PREFIX|bi+
وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ لَذَهَبَ بِسَمْعِهِمْ وَأَبْصَارِهِمْ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ

(2:22:2:1) jaEala V STEM|POS:V|PERF|LEM:jaEala|ROOT:jEl|3MS
(2:22:3:1) la P PREFIX|l:P+
الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ فِرَاشًا وَالسَّمَاءَ بِنَاءً

(2:22:12:2) >axoraja V STEM|POS:V|PERF|(IV)|LEM:>axoraja|ROOT:xrj|3MS
(2:22:13:1) bi P PREFIX|bi+
وَأَنزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَأَخْرَجَ بِهِ مِنَ الثَّمَرَاتِ رِزْقًا لَّكُمْ

(2:24:12:1) >uEid~ato V STEM|POS:V|PERF|PASS|(IV)|LEM:>aEad~a|ROOT:Edd|3FS
(2:24:13:1) li P PREFIX|l:P+
أُعِدَّتْ لِلْكَافِرِينَ

(2:25:9:1) tajoriY V STEM|POS:V|IMPF|LEM:jarayo|ROOT:jry|3FS
(2:25:10:1) min P STEM|POS:P|LEM:min
وَبَشِّرِ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ أَنَّ لَهُمْ جَنَّاتٍ تَجْرِي مِن تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ


2. Verb + Pronoun + Preposition

LOCATION FORM TAG FEATURES
(1:7:3:1) >anoEamo V STEM|POS:V|PERF|(IV)|LEM:>anoEama|ROOT:nEm|2MS
(1:7:3:2) ta PRON SUFFIX|PRON:2MS
(1:7:4:1) Ealayo P STEM|POS:P|LEM:EalaY`
صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ

(2:3:2:1) yu&ominu V STEM|POS:V|IMPF|(IV)|LEM:'aAmana|ROOT:Amn|3MP
(2:3:2:2) wna PRON SUFFIX|PRON:3MP
(2:3:3:1) bi P PREFIX|bi+
الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْغَيْبِ وَيُقِيمُونَ الصَّلَاةَ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنفِقُونَ

(2:4:2:1) yu&ominu V STEM|POS:V|IMPF|(IV)|LEM:'aAmana|ROOT:Amn|3MP
(2:4:2:2) wna PRON SUFFIX|PRON:3MP
(2:4:3:1) bi P PREFIX|bi+
وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِمَا أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَمَا أُنزِلَ مِن قَبْلِكَ

(2:8:5:1) 'aAma V STEM|POS:V|PERF|(IV)|LEM:'aAmana|ROOT:Amn|1P
(2:8:5:2) n~aA PRON SUFFIX|PRON:1P
(2:8:6:1) bi P PREFIX|bi+
وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَن يَقُولُ آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَبِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ وَمَا هُم بِمُؤْمِنِينَ

Study the last 3 examples. The verbs here are formed from the same Verbal Noun (Masdar) الايمان and the same ROOT ا م ن So everywhere in the Quran we see that these verbs, either past or present/future/imperatives, are followed by preposition bi.

3. Verb + Proper Noun + Preposition
LOCATION FORM TAG FEATURES
(2:7:1:1) xatama V STEM|POS:V|PERF|LEM:xatama|ROOT:xtm|3MS
(2:7:2:1) {ll~ahu PN STEM|POS:PN|LEM:{ll~ah|ROOT:Alh|NOM
(2:7:3:1) EalaY` P STEM|POS:P|LEM:EalaY`
خَتَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ وَعَلَىٰ سَمْعِهِمْ ۖ

(2:17:10:1) *ahaba V STEM|POS:V|PERF|LEM:*ahaba|ROOT:*hb|3MS
(2:17:11:1) {ll~ahu PN STEM|POS:PN|LEM:{ll~ah|ROOT:Alh|NOM
(2:17:12:1) bi P PREFIX|bi+
ذَهَبَ اللَّهُ بِنُورِهِمْ وَتَرَكَهُمْ فِي ظُلُمَاتٍ لَّا يُبْصِرُونَ
Important: the Verb ذهب usually means 'to go' but when it comes with the preposition bi, it means 'to take away'. For example in the verses 2:20, 2:17 -Allah took away their light and left them in darkness [so] they could not see.

(2:26:25:1) >araAda V STEM|POS:V|PERF|(IV)|LEM:>araAda|ROOT:rwd|3MS
(2:26:26:1) {ll~ahu PN STEM|POS:PN|LEM:{ll~ah|ROOT:Alh|NOM
(2:26:27:1) bi P PREFIX|bi+
مَاذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ بِهَٰذَا مَثَلًا

(2:27:10:1) >amara V STEM|POS:V|PERF|LEM:>amara|ROOT:Amr|3MS
(2:27:11:1) {ll~ahu PN STEM|POS:PN|LEM:{ll~ah|ROOT:Alh|NOM
(2:27:12:1) bi P PREFIX|bi+
الَّذِينَ يَنقُضُونَ عَهْدَ اللَّهِ مِن بَعْدِ مِيثَاقِهِ وَيَقْطَعُونَ مَا أَمَرَ اللَّهُ بِهِ

(2:67:2:1) qaAla V STEM|POS:V|PERF|LEM:qaAla|ROOT:qwl|3MS
(2:67:3:1) muwsaY` PN STEM|POS:PN|LEM:muwsaY`|M|NOM
(2:67:4:1) li P PREFIX|l:P+
وَإِذْ قَالَ مُوسَىٰ لِقَوْمِهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَن تَذْبَحُوا بَقَرَةً